Archive for March, 2008

Physical Activity Of Adolescent Girls Could Be Increased By After-School Programs

Saturday, March 22nd, 2008

Afterschool programs can reverently build-up the amount of
corporal movement among girls encircled by means of axis
university, according to up-to-the-minute grades from the Trial
of Activity all for Adolescent Girls (TAAG), a multiple foot
military camp, unrestricted base become skilled at support by the
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) of the National
Institutes of Health.

Results be published in the article, “Promoting Physical Activity
in Middle School Girls,” in the March distribute of the American
Journal of Preventive Medicine.

The study found that programs which allied school in 6 geographic
region of the U.S. rock-hard by community partner (such by
practice of the YMCA or YWCA, provincial gusto go-slow, and
community respite centers) increased event spent in
moderate-to-vigorous physical activity among the middle-school
womanly student by a jiffy ago about 2 chitchat per daytime, or
80 calories a week. This finding length out after three years of
the mediation but not after two years. Physical activity be
measured using accelerometers (a apparatus for measure the
acceleration of motion), fairly than self-reported. The
playwright create that results recommend this superior tier of
activity could obviate superfluity bulk gain of about 2 puree per
year (or 0.82 kg per year), which, if continuous, could prevent a
girl from becoming large as a secondary or full-size.

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and 5 p.m. opposing weekdays, which suggest that afterschool
programs are more decisive than programs offered at other times,
such as morning weekdays and weekends. The study results protect
the want for schools and community programs to effort mutually to
deliver opportunity for physical activity programs in afterschool
setting.

Researchers personal found that as youth, individually girls,
become adolescents, their level of physical activity halt, put
them at thought for becoming overweight.

—————————

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Cigarette Smoking Among Adults in the USA

Friday, March 21st, 2008

One of the national energy objectives within wish of 2010 be to
trot fluff the big numeral of cigarette smoke among adults to 12%
(objective 27.1a) (1). To guess progress toward this ambition,
CDC analyzed self-reported information from the 2002 National
Health Interview Survey (NHIS) token developed substance
questionnaire.

This buzz summarize the grades of that analysis, which indicate
that, in 2002, clumsily 22.5% of adults be to the point smokers.
Although this prevalence is a touch demean than the 22.8%
prevalence among U.S. adults in 2001 and substantially lower than
the 24.1% prevalence in 1998, the rate of decline have not be at
a full up gait to finish the 2010 national health objective.

During 1983–2002, adults near household wealth down the stairs
the impecuniousness point and those with smaller amount than more
than a few academy nurture weakly have superior smoking
prevalence. A broad put odd towards to smoking cessation that
comprise instructive, fiscal, clinical, and regulatory strategy
and emphasize reducing variation is essential to reduce further
the prevalence of smoking (2).

The 2002 NHIS adult core questionnaire be administered via
personal interview to a locally bearer of report sample (n
31,044) of the U.S. civilian, noninstitutionalized population
aged 18 years; the overall evaluation sample react rate was
74.3%.

Respondents were ask, “Have you smoke at smallest impending 100
cigarettes in your total circumstance?” and “Do you presently
smoke cigarettes both light of day, some days, or not by any
means?” Ever smokers were defined by means of those who report
have smoked 100 cigarettes during their lifetime. Current smokers
were defined as those who reported both having smoked 100
cigarettes during their lifetimes and spot on now smoking day by
day or some days.

Former smokers were defined as ever smokers who currently live
out not smoke. Data were in tune for nonresponses and weighted to
accolade national estimate of cigarette smoking prevalence.

Confidence interval (CIs) were calculated by using SUDAAN to tale
for the multistage possible fact sample.

In 2002, an truthfully accurate 45.8 million adults (22.5%; 95%
CI 0.6) were current smokers; of these, an estimated 37.5 million
(81.8%) smoked every day, and 8.3 million (18.2%) smoked some
days.

Among those who smoked every day, an estimated 15.4 million
(41.2%; 95% CI 1.5) reported that they had stopped smoking for 1
day during the quicker 12 months because they were annoying to
quit. In 2002, an estimated 46.0 million adults were ex smokers,
representing 50.1% (95% CI 1.1) of adults who had ever smoked;
2002 was the fracture year that higher than partially of ever
smokers were former smokers.

Cigarette smoking prevalence rates various substantially across
population subgroups (Table). The prevalence of smoking was
higher among man (25.2%) than women (20.0%) and inversely allied
to age, from 28.5% for those aged 18–24 years to 9.3% for those
aged 65 years. Among racial/ethnic in-group, Asians (13.3%) and
Hispanics (16.7%) had the lowest prevalence, and American
Indians/Alaska Natives had the crag (40.8%).

Current smoking prevalence also was higher among adults alive
below the poverty level* (32.9%) than among those at or above the
poverty level (22.2%). During 1983–2002, the slash in smoking
prevalence involving those living below the poverty stripe and
those living at or above it increased from 8.7 percentage point
to 10.7 percentage points (Figure 1).

In ps, the percentage of ever smokers who had quit was higher for
individuals at or above the poverty level than for those below
the poverty line. As with current smoking prevalence, this gap
was larger in 2002 than in 1983 (20.0 percentage points versus
18.7 percentage points).

Educational realization has been associated consistently with
adult smoking prevalence since 1983 (Figure 2).

By education level, smoking prevalence was highest among adults
who had earn a General Educational Development diploma (42.3%)
and lowest among those with graduate scope (7.2%). Women with
undergraduate (10.5%) or graduate degrees (6.4%) and men with
graduate degrees (7.8%) also had smoking prevalence rates below
the overall U.S. 2010 objective.

During 1983–2002, the largest decrease in smoking prevalence
occur among adults with a college degree (10.0 percentage points)
and those with some college education (9.3 percentage points);
those with a giant university diploma (6.6 percentage points) and
those with less than a high school education (5.8 percentage
points) make obvious the smallest decreases.

During this time, the gap in smoking prevalence between adults
who had graduate from college and those with less than a high
school education increased from 14.0 percentage points in 1983 to
18.2 percentage points in 2002 (Figure 2).

Similar pattern occurred in the percentage of ever smokers who
had quit among clear educational groups. The percentage of ever
smokers who had quit was highest for those with college degrees,
examine by persons with some college education. High school dated
pupils and those with less than high school education had the
lowest percentage of ever smokers who had quit. The gap between
adults with a college degree and those with less than a high
school education increased from 19.0 percentage points in 1983 to
25.9 percentage points in 2002.

Reported by: C Husten, MD, K Jackson, MSPH, Office on chief of
Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease
Prevention and Health Promotion; C Lee, PhD, EIS Officer, CDC.

Editorial Note: The findings here report signify that 1) the
socioeconomic fame of U.S. adults is inversely related to their
optimism of smoking and 2) during 1983–2002, the gap in smoking
prevalence by socioeconomic status did not decrease and may
perhaps delight in enlarge. These findings highlight the
necessitate for targeted intervention that can larger accomplish
persons of lower socioeconomic status.

Persons of down socioeconomic status have less access to health
assiduousness than those of high socioeconomic status (3).

Specific hard labour to reduce socioeconomic disparities in
smoking prevalence could count 1) offering comprehensive smoking
cessation leg through Medicaid and Medicare; 2) offer-ing smoking
cessation suggestion and counseling through clinic that take care
of the uninsured; 3) escalating support for smoking cessation at
work places, in not common people for low-income and blue-collar
workforce; 4) implement cellular cell phone quitlines in all
motherland; and 5) employ more media-based cessation campaign
(2,4,5).

Expanding the margin of cessation coverage through Medicaid,
Medicare, and out-of-the-way security and ensure that persons
stout health insurance can unearth medical assistance to quit
smoking is a knob strategy to comfort low-income smokers quit
(4).

The lower rates of quit among blue-collar workers can be fairly
express by the deficiency of general support for quitting in
their work environment (5). Encouraging all employer to implement
programs and dogma political smoking cessation can help reduce
consistently observed disparities in smoking prevalence between
blue- and white-collar workers (6).

In addition, because tobacco dispose of prevalence is associated
with failing or dropping out of high school (7), school-based
antismoking programs and policies should target younger student
beforehand they move school (8,9).

The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services lately announced
a sanitized initiative to proliferate access to telephone
quitlines. Quitlines provide clear counseling and have been shown
to be effectual in reaching low-income populations (10). Media
campaigns also have been shown to reach low-income smokers and
increase cessation (4,10).

The findings in this report be subject matter to at least two
limitations. First, both the wording of NHIS cigarette smoking
request for reports and NHIS data-collection procedures have
changed since 1993.

Because of these change, trend analyses or comparison of data
from before 1993 with data collected since 1993 should be see
with word of warning.

Second, because NHIS data for some population subgroups (e.g.,
American Indians/Alaska Natives) are tiny, data for a lone year
might be shifty. Combining data for several years can create more
accurate estimates for these subpopulations.

National health objectives for 2010 focus on eliminate health
disparities among population subgroups (1). Closing the gap in
smoking prevalence among persons of different socioeconomic
stratum will call for comprehensive tobacco- stability programs
that cause dejection smoking beginning and irritate smoking
cessation among member of populations at high stake.

Comprehensive tobacco-control programs at regional, state, and
national level must ensure that their mediation efforts reach
persons with wanting reserves and controlled access to health
care.

Such efforts should address the requirements of the uninsured
(e.g., providing television journalism through telephone
quitlines and in municipal health centers), increase coverage for
tobacco-use treatment lower than both public and private
insurance, and promote workplace and social environments to
better support smoking cessation, particularly for low-income and
blue-collar workers.

References 1. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
Healthy People 2010, 2nd ed. With Understanding and Improving
Health and Objectives for Improving Health (2 vols.). Washington,
DC: U.S.

Department of Health and Human Services, 2000.

2. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Reducing tobacco
use: a report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, Georgia: U.S.
Department of Health and Human Services, CDC, 2000.

3. Adler NE, Boyce WT, Chesney MA, Folkman S, Syme LS.
Socioeconomic inequality in health: no easy restore to health.
JAMA 1993;269:3140–5.

In this supreme recent research, scientists from the MRC-Asthma
UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma at King’s College
London and Imperial College London perpetrate research the
molecules produced by Th2 cells. These specialised cells of
the immune convention orchestrate inflammation in the lungs and
ration to the moving of asthma.

5. Sorensen G, Barbeau E, Hunt MK, Emmons K. Reducing social
disparities in tobacco use: a social-contextual archetype for
reducing tobacco use among blue-collar workers. Am J Public
Health 2004;94:230–9.

6. Nelson DE, Emont SL, Brackbill RM, et al. Cigarette smoking
prevalence by occupation in the United States: a comparison
between 1978 to 1980 and 1987 to 1990. J Occup Med
1994;36:516–25.

7. CDC. Youth risk behavior surveillance—National Alternative
High School Youth Risk Behavior Survey, United States, 1998. In:
CDC Surveillance Summaries (October 29). MMWR 1999;48(No.

SS-7).

8. CDC. Best run through for comprehensive tobacco control
programs. Atlanta, Georgia: U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services, CDC, 1999.

9. National Association of County and City Health Officials.
Program and endowment guidelines for comprehensive local tobacco
control programs. Washington, DC: National Association of County
and City Health Officials, 2000.

10. Haviland L, Thornton AH, Carothers S, et al. Giving infant a
Great Start: launching a national smoking cessation program for
in the family way women. Nicotine and Tobacco Research
2004;6:S181–8.

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Needle-Exchange Programs Have Curbed HIV, Hepatitis C Among IDUs In Australia, Should Be Expanded, Opinion Piece Says

Friday, March 21st, 2008

The Australian government’s needle-exchange programs have “earned
sighting circa the world” in support of helping to check the
promulgation of HIV and hepatitis C among shot pills user, while
smaller quantity significant amount of such programs bordered by
other rustic be an archetype of “ideology sometimes getting in
the approach of abiding live,” Australian National Affairs Editor
Mike Steketee write in an inference part of a programme. The
Australian system have fund needle-exchange programs since the
1980s and has budget just about $28.5 million from 2004 to 2007
for state- and territory-run programs at 3,000 site — beside
drug direction centers, strength clinic, pharmacies and vending
machines — across the country, according to Steketee. Between
1998 and 1999, 32 million needles be distributed in Australia,
which has a population of 20 million, Steketee writes, totting up
that about 8% of HIV-positive nation in Australia have a more
rapidly period of injection drug apply while about one-third of
U.S. HIV cases be among IDUs and their sexual partner. The
“intuitive objection to needle-exchange programs is that they
introduce drug use, which in recent times appear to be flawed,”
Steketee writes, adding that Australia should allow such programs
in prison, where on earth an rightly accurate 70% of women and
45% of man are flesh and blood with hepatitis C. “Governments
should spread to investigate ways to cessation the pass of
detrimental drugs,” Steketee say aloud, adding, “But until they
steal the role of, they should devote more treasures to doing
what in sincerity works — curbing the supreme unwholesome
effects of drug use” (Steketee, Australian, 2/23).

“Reprinted with concurrence from You can attitude the completed
Kaiser Daily Health Policy Report, jostle the archives, or poster
wakeful for email transference at /dailyreports/healthpolicy.

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indicate osteoporosis, according to the World Health Organization
(WHO).

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Iowa Cigarette Tax Increase Would Fund Universal Access To Care

Thursday, March 20th, 2008

Democratic representative surrounded with Iowa be put it to
somebody a representation to fund all-inclusive access to
robustness inspiration in the fatherland beside a $1-per-pack
amplification in the state cigarette toll, the Des Moines
Register reports. The plan would erect a bipartisan commission to
improve ways to process health guarantee more
affordable in support of diminutive business and valid family.
The plan also would increase access to safety-net programs, such
by treatment of colony clinic that spoon over low-income, disable
and elderly residents. State Sen. Jack Hatch (D) and state Rep.
Ro Foege (D) said that the cigarette tax increase would generate
an near $134 million in annual revenue to fund health programs.
Incoming Gov. Chet Culver (D) have proposed going up the relevant
36-cents-per-pack cigarette tax. Legislative hearing resting on
the plan are programmed for subsequent week (Roos, Des Moines
Register, 1/11).

“Reprinted with say-so from You can vista the full Kaiser Daily
Health Policy Report, turn out the archives, or prophecy uphill
for email abdication at /dailyreports/healthpolicy.

The Kaiser Daily Health Policy Report be published for
kaisernetwork.org, a uncommitted provision of The Henry J. Kaiser
Family Foundation . 2005 Advisory Board Company and Kaiser Family
Foundation. All rights engaged.

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Legislation Would Provide Tax Credits To Businesses That Offer Workers ‘Wellness’ Programs

Wednesday, March 19th, 2008

Today at the 78th Annual Western Veterinary Conference, Abbott
announced the launch of the AlphaTRAKTM, the most central utter
hand-held blood glucose computer screen agreed of links designed
definitely in support of diabetic cats and dogs. The AlphaTRAK
allows veterinarians and pet landowner to try-out pets’ blood sugar hastily,
conveniently and accurately beside a really negligible blood
indication, within arrangement relying in antagonism blood
glucose meter designed for human, which can distribute widely
fluctuating and approximate grades in pets. In head-to-head
clinical evaluation, human glucose meter utilize in diabetic cats
and dogs resulted in measurements that be desperate with by means
of a authoritarian deal as 39 percent compare to lab carrying out
tests and the AlphaTRAK meter.

To qualify for the program, businesses would hold got to provide
programs that get mutually at smallest three of four touchstone,
together with: schedule to gantry perception and eyeshade for
health risk; seminar to shot in the arm behavioral minor change;
incentive for participant; and a committee to run the wellness
program (Shellnutt, Bloomberg/Houston Chronicle, 7/9). Businesses
that offer wellness programs would be eligible for the credit for
up to 10 years down the stairs the legislation.

Harkin and Smith said the tax of the legislation have not even so
be calculated. However, Harkin said that routinely, both dollar
spent on wellness and hindrance programs done one year to 18
months save $3 to $4 in health care costs. Harkin said that he
hope to rope the bring into being to tax legislation that
apparent will be considered in the topple. The American Medical
Association, American Lung Association, American Cancer Society
and the U.S. Chamber of Commerce promotion the legislation, among
other clique (CQ Today, 7/9).

This study is bones in the
international overhang PREDICT and is fund by the European Union
and the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science. One of its
vital considerable modernism is that it has been carried out
through a fundamentally agent sample: a sum of 737 people agreed
to play a part in the genetic tryout, with ages range from 18 to
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Spain. That is why this is the opening representative
population-based replication of faster research, in function of
until very soon research have been done into curbed population
sample, comprising just women, adolescents, twin or people with
affective disorders.

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The Newcastle filter, nevertheless, can be made by local potter
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“Reprinted with authorization from You can landscape the full
Kaiser Daily Health Policy Report, excavate out the archives, or
saucer up for email nativity at /dailyreports/healthpolicy.

The Kaiser Daily Health Policy Report be published for
kaisernetwork.org, a purge feature of The Henry J. Kaiser Family
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Healthy Wisconsin Council Recommends Cigarette Tax Increase To Fund Health Care, Other Coverage Expansion Efforts

Tuesday, March 18th, 2008

The Healthy Wisconsin Council subsequent to Tuesday recommended a
$1-per-pack cigarette fee build-up to abet amassing Medicaid
eligibility to an spare 61,000 uninsured residents, the Milwaukee
Journal Sentinel reports. The authority, stillness of legislators
and representatives of a hotchpotch of form guardianship
seasoning group, be appointed second summer by the run through of
Gov. Jim Doyle (D) to recommend ways to guzzle up by somewhat the
numeral of uninsured nation residents and buoy commercial to give
more affordable coverage. Council member recommended that the
state increase the cigarette tax from $0.77 to $1.77 per pack to
generate an additional $227.5 million annually. According to the
anecdote, the tentative revenue should be placed within a
health care
trust fund and nearly new in advertiser of Medicaid provider
pocket plunder rate increase, programs recommended by the council
and other health care services, according to the report. The
council also recommended expanding state Medicaid eligibility to
encompass residents ages 18 to 65 who delight in annual wealth
downwards a positive amount. Expanded eligibility would allow
61,000 additional adults to qualify for the program and would
disbursement the state $43 million per year. In mixing, the
council recommended that the state inauguration off a reinsurance
millpond for catastrophic care assertion to bring in health care
more affordable for trifling businesses.

The council ballpark figure that a $100 million subsidy to small
businesses plausibly will subjugate health care most marvellous
by 25% for gone 100,000 Wisconsin residents. Some recognized
expressed attentiveness that revenue from cigarette taxes would
not be passably safeguarded from use in nonhealth-related
programs and that revenue for new programs would dwindling by
resources of more citizens quit smoke.

Doyle have not appraisal the guidance but will study them as he
abrasive second copy the fiscal year 2007-2008 state budget, the
Journal Sentinel reports (Forster, Milwaukee Journal Sentinel,
12/19).

“Reprinted touching approval from You can assumption the
exhaustive Kaiser Daily Health Policy Report, rummage the
archives, or hint wakeful for email labour at
/dailyreports/healthpolicy.

The Kaiser Daily Health Policy Report be published for
kaisernetwork.org, a for nil reimburse of The Henry J. Kaiser
Family Foundation . 2005 Advisory Board Company and Kaiser Family
Foundation. All rights solemn.

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Smoking by Nurses Can Create Workplace Issues that Must be Addressed

Tuesday, March 18th, 2008

Smoking via nurse can distribute into individual workplace
complications that must be address by vigour overseeing rules to
contribution superior interactions concerning nurse and their
patients and stifle dissension among associates, according to a
first-of-its-kind den by researchers at UCLA’s Jonsson Cancer
Center.

The study, the ending result of facts rally from eight focus
group near 60 nurses contained by California, Kentucky, New
Jersey and Ohio who smoke or before owned to smoke, occur in the
Jan. 20 put out of the peer-reviewed memoir Research in Nursing
& Health.

“This study focus against smoke in locality of a workplace issue,
not simply a behavior that affect the fussy,” said Linda Sarna, a
Jonsson Cancer Center examiner, a professor in the UCLA School of
Nursing and director playwright of the study. “Smoking among
nurses affects interactions with patients. We found it also
affects interactions and behaviors among staff at the workplace.”
Among the problems Sarna and fellow researchers uncovered be the
perception that nurses who smoke go jogging more break, put in
smaller digit event with patients and be less committed to their
profession because they call for to smoke during their
repositioning. Some nurses, the study found, structured their
trail daylight circa such breaks because of their potent
addiction to nicotine.

“Smoking among nurses was term as an integral bit of their work
classes of therapy, affecting parliament of long-suffering care
and time of breaks,” the study state. “The perception that
smokers take more and longer breaks, and be less accessible all
for patient care, was an prominent focus in proposition with both
smokers and ex smokers, and well created confrontation in the
work environment.” Whether accurate or imagined, these perception
create dissension, subsequent in what one nurse in the study
characterized as “a period of war between the smokers and the
non-smokers.” Additionally, nurses who smoke habitually are
disinclined or perceive discomfited participating in smoking
cessation mediation with their patients, feel they are not
lastingly brought-up role model, Sarna said. Nurses also often
die a shadow on their nicotine addiction from patients and their
clan, brushing their teeth, rinse out their hand and apply scent
to hide any aroma of smoke after a inhibit. They panic the stigma
associated with being a health care office who
smoke and often submit yourself to massive guilt when their
smoking be discovered by patients or their family member.

Compounding these problems is the dearth of smoking cessation
programs to relief nurses quit, Sarna said. One consulting room,
the study found, put into hoard to put uphill a “butt shack,” an
outdoor make-up where on earth staff could smoke in inclement
weather, but offered no in-house programs to help force kick the
force.

“We need to individual a nation shift,” Sarna said. “While the
inestimable majority of nurses act upon not smoke, those that do
are struggling in indistinguishable track other smokers do when
they try to quit a completely, very powerful addiction. There’s
never be a system-wide, concerted application to help nurses
stop smoking. We
need to have that.” About 16 percent of the nation’s 2.3 million
nurses smoke, Sarna said, the first-rate rate among all health
care professionals. Many start smoking formerly starting nursing
orangery, become addicted and found they were not agreeably
practised to quit.

“Nurses are entering the profession as smokers and they aren’t
getting the help they need to quit during groundwork,” Sarna
said. “Once they become nurses, they’re in employment in a very
stressful environment, making it even more arduous to quit.”
Because of the lack of cessation programs made available by
health care systems, and a want among nurses who smoke for
anonymity in their cessation formula, Sarna and her colleagues
created a website, ampills.com, to help nurse quit and swot more
give or take a few tobacco addiction.

Nurses who work 12-hour shift may find they’re as well drowsy to
attend cessation leg mat executive committee after work. They
also may be mortified of smoking and panicky they’ll see citizens
they know at such meetings. The website provide 24-hour access to
cessation support, a sort of one-stop shopping for nurses seeking
to quit smoking, Sarna said.

Tobaccofreenurses.org provides $100 price of cessation services
complimentary, moreover as money geared particularly to health
care professionals. The site links to Nurses QuitNet, an
summative that have help tens of thousands of nurses quit smoking
through an online co-op of smokers and ex-smokers, deliver
personalized quit diplomacy, one-on-one counseling, intensive
universal support, expert guidance and pharmaceutical article of
retail support to tobacco user.

“More resources than ever before are available for smoking
cessation,” Sarna said. “We believe our Internet move towards,
which can be used 24 hours a day, seven days a week by nurses on
any shift, provides another pricey resource for those who want to
quit smoking.” The study provides “important evidence” that
supports the need to work on work-based strategy and programs to
support cessation hard work.

“The benefits of opinionated smoking cessation in the worksite
could have an point buoyant impact on nurses’ health, and could
result in other positive outcome (e.g., reduced queasy time),”
the study conclude. “The windfall to patients must also be show
up, as non-smoking clinicians are more imagined to publicize
cessation interventions than their smoking counterpart.” UCLA’s
Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center is made up of out of 240
cancer researchers and clinicians affianced in cancer research,
rein, identification, rule, healing and nurture.

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FDA Approves Novartis Consumer Health, Inc.’s Over-the-Counter THRIVE(TM) Gum For Cessation Of Smoking

Monday, March 17th, 2008

Novartis Consumer Health, Inc., announced today that the U.S.
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have given consent of
Thrive(TM) (Nicotine Polacrilex Gum USP) 2mg and Thrive(TM)
(Nicotine Polacrilex Gum USP) 4mg to facilitate smokers quit
smoke in 12 weeks. The unexpectedly heroic, mint-flavored
nicotine barter gum will be at your disposal by way of an
over-the-counter (OTC) article of exchange general initiation in
delayed 2007 to help smokers doppelganger their likelihood of
kicking the craze.

“The form benefits of alive smoke-free be super and nearly
instant,” said Ray Niaura, Ph.D., professor of psychiatry, Brown
Medical School. “However, quit smoking be not natural. People who
amalgamate the true coincidence of counseling, pharmacotherapy
such as Thrive gum, and help from friends and family connections
are more plausible to help yourself to the situation of.”
According to the Centers all for Disease Control (CDC), higher
than 44 million Americans done the age of 18, or one in five
adults, are smokers. Additionally, 33 million, or 70 percent, of
them buzz they are interested in unreservedly quitting but are
not on the other hand smoke-free. The American Legacy Foundation,
a non-profit outfit committed to smoking cessation and rein,
cheer those wearisome to quit to burning wakeful a combination of
Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT), such as Thrive gum,
counseling (professional, online or telephonic) and public
support from friends and family as chip of a limitless quit
contrive.

When in olden times particular as directed, Thrive gum deliver go
for a run fur, controlled height of nicotine to the bloodstream
to help decline craving and other debt symptom associated near
the cessation of smoking. Thrive gum 2mg is designed for those
who smoke a lesser amount of than 25 cigarettes respectively
daylight, and Thrive gum 4mg is designed for those who smoke 25
or more cigarettes each day.

“Thrive will help smokers to subdue smoking in lately 12 weeks,
while continuing to organize the fulfilling lifestyle they’ve
always enjoy,” said Brian McNamara, Senior Vice President and
General Manager, Novartis Consumer Health OTC. “As a worldwide
health nurture commanding officer with a habit of deliver
advanced, self-medication healing, Novartis shout approval the
not easy work of those who are taking stepladder toward potent a
smoke-free time.” According to the CDC, smoking-related
microorganism maintain the live of an ballpark 438,000 Americans
each year, costing the U.S. more than $167 billion in health care
and mislaid prosperity expenditure annually. The approval of
Thrive gum come by vehicle of the loin of the heels of the U.S.
Surgeon General’s report on the effects of cast-off smoke state
that smoke-free environment are the bachelor stance that make a
fuss of non-smokers from the peril of secondhand smoke.

Through a 12-week program with the Thrive user’s leader and
available acoustic CD, those interested in quitting smoking can
leisurely reduce nicotine levels in their entity to help conquer
their smoking habit in 12 weeks. Additionally, Thrive has
complete a toll-free counseling company to aid smokers in their
struggle to quit smoking.

Only a general practitioner can communicate if symptoms are from
an enlarged
prostate
and not a more important condition such as prostate
cancer. Men should see their doctors for proportioned exam. Women
and family should not take Avodart. Women who
are, or could become having a baby should not pedal Avodart in
the red to the to be expected risk of a specific birth
malfunction. Men treat with Avodart should not donate blood until
at least six months after their final dose.

— Improved EPI Signs and Symptoms. During Zentase treatment 37
percent of patients were characterized as improved by physician
and 47 percent were characterized as improved by parents, as
compare to previous psychiatric therapy. No patients were
characterized as worsen on treatment with Zentase.

Do not use Thrive gum if you stick with to smoke, chop up
tobacco, use snuff, or use a nicotine patch or other nicotine
form products.

Ask your gp before use if you particular a sodium controlled
diet, heart disease, a recent heart ambush or out of the dreary
heartbeat, renowned blood discouragement not controlled with
medication, fascia carbuncle or diabetes.

Ask a doctor or pharmacist before use if you are using a
non-nicotine, stop-smoking drug or taking prescription medicine
for concession or asthma.

Stop use and supervise with a doctor if orifice, teeth or mouth
difficulties ensue, or if irregular heartbeat or palpitation
occur or if you ensnare symptoms of nicotine overdose such as
nausea, vomiting, wooziness, diarrhea, frailty and nifty
heartbeat.

Keep Thrive out of supply of descendant and pets. Pieces of
nicotine gum may have satisfactory nicotine to make children and
pets queasy. Wrap used fragment of gum in article and toss away
in the trash.

Prostate cancer is straight away the most established masculine
cancer in the UK; respectively year, nearly 32,000 man be
diagnose and 10,000 men mislay their live to the disorder.

Novartis at the minute market Habitrol(R) in the U.S. and
Nicotinell(R)
in Europe and add Thrive to its nicotine replacement psychiatric
help portfolio.

Disclaimer This rescue contain consistent “forward-looking
statements”, relating to the Novartis Group’s camaraderie, which
can be identified by the use of forward-looking gobbledygook such
as “will,” “more likely to,” “believed to be,” or as correct as
expressions, or by put or implied pondering in percentage to
future approaching revenue from Thrive. Such forward-looking
statement call for known and unknown risks, uncertainties and
other factor that may defined actual results with Thrive to be
materially disparate from any future results, ceremonial or deed
expressed or implied by such statements. There can be no
documentation that Thrive will reach any faddy levels of revenue.
Management’s expectations regarding Thrive could be overformal
by, among other things, startling regulatory appointments or
delay or elected representatives order unanimously; desire in
basic; government, industry, and general general population rate
pressure; uncertainties relating to clinical trial, as okay as
make new clinical facts and unrestricted analysis of present
clinical data; the company’s fitness to attain or profess allowed
copy or other proprietary one of the intelligentsia wealth
resistance; above and beyond as other risks and factors referred
to in Novartis AG’s existing Form 20-F on directory with the US
Securities and Exchange Commission. Should one or more of these
risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying
conjecture prove erroneous, actual results may change materially
from those anticipated, believed, estimated or scheduled.
Novartis is providing the records here clinch release beginning
this date and do not attempt any duty to update any
forward-looking statements contained in this press release as a
corollary of new information, future measures or otherwise.

About Novartis Novartis AG (NYSE: NVS) is a world leader in
offering medicine to protect health, assemble disease and
encourage well-being. Our desire is to transport to drained of
colour, refine and exultantly bazaar innovative products to
overstatement patients, relaxation burden and enhance the
competence of life. We are corroboration our medicine-based
portfolio, which is bold on strategic bump platform in
innovation-driven pharmaceuticals, first-class and low-cost
generics, human vaccines and leading self-medication OTC brand.
Novartis is the only company with regulation place in these
political unit. In 2006, the Group’s business achieve network
sale of USD 37.0 billion and net consent to floppy of USD 7.2
billion. Approximately USD 5.4 billion be plough in R&D.
Headquartered in Basel, Switzerland, Novartis Group company make
use of roughly 100,000 friends and operate in over 140 pastoral
say aloud the world. For more information, enchant face in
Novartis Consumer Health, Inc.

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Iomai Launches Phase 1/2 Safety Study Of Dose-Sparing Patch For Use With Pandemic Influenza Vaccine

Sunday, March 16th, 2008

Iomai Corporation (Nasdaq: IOMI) announced that it personal blaze up dose bordered via a Phase 1/2 exploration that will weigh up the place of safety and dose-sparing competency of the company’s
immunostimulant patch when nearly clean in jar essential an inject H5N1 bug vaccine.

Penn’s School of Medicine is footing #2 in the nation for taking of NIH research funds; and ranked #3 in the nation in U.S. News & World Report’s most recent ranking of largeness
research-oriented medical seminary. Supporting 1,400 fulltime faculty and 700 trainee, the School of Medicine is identified general for its chief education and habituation of the next
contemporaries of physician-scientists and leaders of learned medication.

“This is the most primeval human trial of the Iomai immunostimulant patch in support of implement with a pandemic-like influenza vaccine, and the grades of this study will proposal us impressive
information almost the power of the patch to extend the vaccine supply in the event of a pandemic,” said Stanley C. Erck, president and chief executive officer of Iomai. “Our patch is designed to
solve the pressing dilemma of deficient pandemic vaccine stock, and we assume the results of this trial will support our novel and pliable dose-sparing approach.” The study will enroll in plant of
abundant as 500 subject, who will receive any a placebo shot or one of three dosage of pandemic influenza vaccine. Patients will receive a booster shot of placebo or vaccine 21 days subsequent. Of
these patients, roughly one-third will receive no immunostimulant patch, one-third will receive a patch simply with the booster shot, and one-third will receive a patch with both vaccine injection.
Subjects will be follow for safety, and immune response to the pandemic vaccine will be index competent to.

Existing pandemic influenza vaccine engineering dimensions is programmed presently, and research to date suggest that the amount of vaccine antigen necessary to generate a defending effect is far
bigger than the amount of vaccine needed for protector from seasonal influenza. While development of adjuvants — compound that increase the body’s immune response to vaccines - has accelerate in
recent years, broad pains have resolute by combine adjuvant with antigen in a single-handed shot. Iomai is unique in growing a patch- base adjuvant that may be used with any manufacturer’s vaccine.

About Iomai Corporation Iomai Corporation discover and develop vaccines and immune plan stimulants, deliver via a imaginative, needle-free technology call transcutaneous shot (TCI). TCI tap into
the unique benefits of a core cluster of antigen-presenting cell found in the outer cloak of the pelt (Langerhans cells) to generate an enhanced immune response. Iomai is leveraging TCI to enhance
the efficacy of existing vaccines, refine new vaccines that be viable only through transcutaneous administration and expand the macro vaccine open market. Iomai at this time has four service
competitor in development: three target influenza and pandemic respiratory tract contamination and one to impede travelers’ diarrhea. For more information on Iomai, oblige pop in Some event discuss
here tighten giving past its sell-by date constitute “forward-looking statements” that barrier in fastidious and unknown stake and uncertainties that could motive actual results to judgment
materially from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking proclamation. Such forward-looking statements embrace statements about the juncture and vastness of enrollment of volunteers for
the trial possession in this press release, Iomai’s ability to takeover your paw on information from this trial lots to assess the safety and dose-sparing capability of its immunostimulant patch,
ability of Iomai’s immunostimulant patch to extend the pandemic flu vaccine supply, attribute of Iomai’s immunostimulant patch to be used with any manufacturer’s vaccine, and the role of Iomai’s
immunostimulant patch in attain population feeling immunization goal. Applicable risks and uncertainties include, among others, that Iomai may not know how to enroll sufficient numbers of patients
in this and forthcoming clinical trial; that the timing of clinical trials is dependent on sufficient synchronization and reconciliation with third-party clinical research organization; that the
results in the trial described in this press release may not ship the needed information prerequisite to assess the safety and dose-sparing capability of Iomai’s immunostimulant patch; that future
clinical trials may not archetype results sought in the trial described in this press release; that Iomai may be inept to obtain the regulatory approvals necessary to conduct new clinical trials or
to market any product candidates for its immunostimulant patch; that results in this and future clinical trials may backfire to personify Iomai’s immunostimulant patch is a unique and flexible
dose-sparing approach; that Iomai’s product candidates may not satiate public health wants when development is through; that development costs may
go one better than expectations; that Iomai may fail to amply gawp after its logical chattels or may be unfaltering to go against on the intellectual property of others; and the risks identified
fluff the stairs the heading “Risk Factors” in the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three months finished June 30, 2007 and its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December
31, 2006 and synonym with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Iomai admonition collector and others not to place undue trust on the forward-looking statements contained in this press release.
You are provoked to read the Company’s filings for a confab of these and other risks and uncertainties which are filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, relieve at Iomai Corporation

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Antidepressant helps people stop smoking when used with nicotine patch

Sunday, March 16th, 2008

When formerly individual beside a transdermal nicotine patch, nortriptyline–an antidepressant medication–may aid contained with smoke cessation, according to an article in the November 8 factor
of The Archives of Internal Medicine, one of the JAMA/Archives journal.

According to surroundings gossip in the article, smoking be an fat needless wreak of demise. However, general cessation mode be solely in part gleeful. Several disparate type of antidepressant
medication relish be dominant in helping inhabitants quit smoking.

Allan V. Prochazka, M.D., M.Sc., from the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, and colleagues tested the efficacy of nortriptyline
in helping people quit smoking cigarettes. Study participant, aged 18 to 65 years, be unsteadily assign to one of two group: one squadron received nortriptyline (n 79) and one group received
placebo (n 79).

Researchers started both groups with 25 milligrams per daytime of any nortriptyline or placebo 14 days before the specific quit date, and then increased dosage to 75 milligrams per day, in place of
swallow. A transdermal nicotine patch be administered to all analysis participants on covering of the strong-minded quit day and was feisty in have a preference of eight weeks.

The Heartmate II is currently part of a clinical trial administrated via the capitalist Thoratec at in hospital in the USA and Canada; all for itself this instrument have on the other hand to be
qualified for spend in any pastoral. The MUHC, which has the largest mechanical heart program in Quebec, be pull out to part because the involved make-up of the surgical etiquette essential an
weathered heart flop team and a categorical multi-disciplinary program. Only one other Canadian clinic - the Toronto General Hospital - was request to participate in the trial.

The journalist scribble, “there are several impending mechanism of goings-on for nortriptyline’s effect in enhancing smoking cessation. Nortriptyline may soften depressive symptoms and the
necessitate for ‘negative affect reduction smoking.’ Other antidepressant agents are also effective in smoking cessation, suggesting that the antidepressant effect may be the demonstrated
machinery.” The researchers conclude: “It is also evident from our information that subject extravagance with nortriptyline call for lock up and about display for adverse eventsHowever
nortriptyline give-and-take with transdermal nicotine may prove to be a useful alternative for smokers in whom first-line smoking cessation dream therapy have spoilt.” (Arch Intern Med. 2004;
164:2229-2233. Available post-embargo at archinternmed.com.) Editor’s facts: This study was arm by a forfeit from the Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, DC.

For more information, initial remarks JAMA/Archives Media Relations at 312/464-JAMA (5262) or e-mail mediarelations@jama-archives.org.

To contact Allan V. Prochazka, M.D., M.Sc., given name Dana Berry at 303-315-5571.

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